Loss of Dignity in Dulce et Decorum est and Refugee Blues :: essays research papers

Human self-worth, every person in the world has at least several(prenominal) consciousness of human dignity, whether they choose to show it, however pitiful they think they are, every person has sense of dignity, of value. Losing ones dignity can be painful, more painful than a physical blow. In Dulce et Decorum est, the writer, Wilfred Owen was a soldier fighting in World War One. He is writing rough the horrors of being gassed by the foeman after fighting in the front lines, and the old lie Dulce et Decorum est Pro Patria Mori, It is sweet and right to die for your country. Refugee discolour was written just before World War Two by W.H. Auden, who is writing about the Jews being exiled from Germany which ultimately ended up with them being run down even before the events of the Holocaust actually happened. In both poems, the poems are written in a first person perspective which gives the contributor a sense of participation, especially in Refugee Blues, where at the end of each stanza the words my dear is written. In Dulce et Decorum est, the initial lines of the poem states that the marching soldiers were, bent on(p) double, like old beggars under sacks,Knock-kneed, coughing like hags, we cursed through sludge,this takes the nobility out of war, and of course, giving the readers at that time period a sense of uncertainty to the title of the poem. The young soldiers are pictured to have lost their youth, health, and most importantly, their dignity. This is similar to how the Jews in Refugee Blues were like in the beginning of the poem, where they were homeless and exiled, like beggars, as in most societies beggars are not respected as they cannot support themselves without people giving them money. Therefore beggars must suffer losing their dignity in order to survive. Also, in Dulce et Decorum est, it shows that the soldiers were trying to get away from the front lines, till on the haunting flares we turned our backs. This is as if they were f rightened of what recline behind them due to the word haunting, and in Refugee Blues this is displayed throughout the entire poem as the Jews were running away from Germany, but is really demonstrable in the second stanza. Running away from something you fear is also a form of loss of human dignity as it shows that you are frightened of the enemy and that they have power over you.

Public and Private Management Essay -- Business, Performance Review, Q

Unlike many of the other writing assignments done thus far, this paper will be providing brief synopses for several essays on issues involved with the study of earth management. Although it might be possible to state that the ideas and theories presented in these texts are either true or false, it will be the goal of this writing to take the simple approach and focus on the thoughts that are presented are still relevant in fresh practice of public management. However, it is first important to point out that even today there is no aggregated view for weighing or step the success of public managers. This is because in part due to the various ways in which the agencies manage themselves, for example whether or not they chose to follow national death penalty review (NRP) response or a total quality management (TQM) method. Another problem is that often times today a management form _or_ system of government that has been set up and successfully tested for the private sector is eithe r grafted to the, or imposed over the management policies of a public enterprise. The issue that this brings up is that, depending on the agency, that there is no clear idea on who the customers are, nor what product is that the public agency is trying to appease. Meanwhile, the management theories that are being imposed on to them, are based on a quantifiable examination as to rather they are successful or not. Simply put, there is no unaccented or standard way for researchers of the field of public administration to be able to clearly differentiate between the successful management styles of one public administrator to another. In fact, researching this problem is the very thing that our first author is calling for in his essay. Graham T. Allison attempts with his article... ...uted to be useful as a quantity against the values from the private sector. Instead, Moore suggests that research in a cost-effectiveness approach may be a solution to this problem (1995, p 553). All of these essays end up with the same major issue concerning measuring the successful public management style, from one that is not successful. In one form or another both Moore and Moe have called for research in finding some standard in analyzing the public sector. In any analysis standard, the effects that politics has in its cornerstone cannot be ignored. If as Woodrow Wilson claim is true, and the goal of these public administrators is to find the most cost-effective and the most efficient method to implement the political oriented policies consequently why not come up with a measurement on the efficiency and cost-effectiveness to be used for passing judgment on them?

lord of the flies :: essays research papers

CHAPTER 7 - SHADOWS AND THE TREES The boys continue their search of the island and moves towards the mountaintop. When they stop to eat, Ralphs mind wanders to other things. He observes the boys and again realizes they have become dirty and unkempt, a state of their freedom which he accepts as normal. Ralph then looks at the vast ocean. It seems as if the sea acts give c be a barrier, preventing their rescue, keeping them from civilization, and condemning them. Simon joins him and interrupts Ralphs thoughts of home. He tries to calm the leader by assuring him that they will certainly be rescued soon. Later in the day, the hunters are delighted to discover fresh pig droppings. They decide to hunt the pig while searching for the beast. Soon everyone spies the wild boar and wildly gives chase. Ralph joins the madness, excited by the thrill of the adventure, and throws a wooden spear, which hits the boars snout. Since it is his first hunt, he is delighted at his accuracy and tries to g ain the respect and appreciation of the boys. darn draws the attention away from Ralph by displaying his bloodied arm, wounded by the tusks of the boar. Although the hunt ends with the wild animal escaping, the boys are still filled with excitement. They have a mock play with Robert at the center representing the pig. Jack, Ralph, and the boys transact a savage dance and jab at Robert with the spears almost injuring him seriously. As Robert struggles to get free, the boys chant frenziedly. The desire to hunt and draw blood almost overpowers them, notwithstanding they manage to bring themselves under control. Ralph uneasily reminds everyone that it has only been a game but the leader now understands the exhilaration of participating in a hunt. Since it is evolution dark, there is a discussion among the boys as to whether they should stay on this side of the mountain and hunt the beast or return to Piggy and the "littluns". They decide to stay, and the potpourri Simon offe rs to go off through the forest alone to inform Piggy of the plans. Because it is night, Ralph feels that they should postpone their search until daylight. Jack accuses him of cowardice and Ralph gives in. While the other boys stay behind, Ralph, Jack and Roger begin to climb the mountain, but Ralph still feels it is a foolish

Winning Isnt The Most Important Thing Essay -- essays research papers

Winning Isnt The Most Important ThingVince Lombardis famous saying Winning isnt the most important thing.Its the only thing is unfortunately the motto of similarly many athletes today.Although winning is important and sports are, and should be takenseriously, by far, winning isnt the only thing. Putting everything you haveand giving one hundred percent to the driving is also very important tocompetition. A team that puts everything they have into a game and comes outthe losers, has a lot more to be proud of than a team who comes in first butonly gave some effort. Over the years many teams have lost important games dueto a few inches, one pitch or a strike of bad luck although these teams lost,they take it into the ...

Euthanasia :: Medical Assisted Suicide Drugs Essays

EuthanasiaIn recent years, Euthanasia has become a truly heated debate. It is a Greek word that means easy death but the controversy surrounding it is just the opposite. Whether the issue is refusing prolonged life mechanically, assisting suicide, or active mercy killing, we eventually confront our socitys fears toward death itself. Above others, our culture breeds fear and dread of aging and dying. It is not easy for almost of the western world to advert death as an inevitable part of life. However, the issues that surround euthanasia are not only around death, they are about ones liberty, right to privacy and suppress over his or her own body. So, the question remains Who has the right?Under current U.S. law, there are clear distinctions between the two types of euthanasia. One concourse of actions taken to bring about the death of a dying patient -withdrawal of life support, referred to by some as passive euthanasia- has been specifically upheld by the courts as a legal ri ght of a patient to request and a legal act for a animate to perform. A second group of actions taken to bring about the death of a dying patient -physician-assisted death, referred to by some as active euthanasia- is specifically prohibited by laws in most states banning mercy killing and is condemned by the American Medical Association. Although it is not a crime to be present when a person takes his or her life, it is a crime to take direct action intentionally designed to help facilitate death--no matter how justifiable and compassionate the circumstances may be.1 With active euthanasia, it is the doctor who administers the lethal drug dose. Since it is tantamount to homicide, the few U.S. doctors who perform it have been brought to trial but none of them have ever been convicted and imprisoned.Modern interest in euthanasia in the United States began in 1870, when a commentator, Samuel Williams, proposed to the Birmingham Speculative Club that euthanasia be permitted in all cas es of hopeless and painful illness to bring about a quick and painless death. The word painless is important the idea of euthanasia began gaining ground in modern times not because of new technologies for agonizingly prolonging life but because of the discovery of new drugs, such as morphine and various anesthetics for the relief of pain, that could also painlessly induce death. Over the next troika decades Williamss proposal was reprinted in popular magazines and books, discussed in the pages of prominent literary and political journals, and debated at the meetings of American medical societies and nonmedical professional associations.

Euthanasia :: Medical Assisted Suicide Drugs Essays

EuthanasiaIn recent years, Euthanasia has become a very heated debate. It is a Greek word that means easy death solely the controversy surrounding it is just the opposite. Whether the issue is refusing prolonged life mechanically, assisting suicide, or active euthanasia, we lastly confront our socitys fears toward death itself. Above others, our culture breeds fear and dread of aging and dying. It is not easy for most of the western world to see death as an inevitable part of life. However, the issues that surround euthanasia are not only round death, they are about ones liberty, right to privacy and control over his or her own body. So, the question remains Who has the right?Under current U.S. law, there are clear distinctions between the two types of euthanasia. One group of actions get under ones skinn to pack about the death of a dying patient -withdrawal of life support, referred to by some as passive euthanasia- has been specifically upheld by the courts as a sanctioned rig ht of a patient to request and a legal act for a doctor to perform. A second group of actions taken to bring about the death of a dying patient -physician-assisted death, referred to by some as active euthanasia- is specifically prohibited by laws in most states banning mildness killing and is condemned by the American Medical Association. Although it is not a crime to be present when a person takes his or her life, it is a crime to take direct action intentionally designed to help facilitate death--no matter how justifiable and compassionate the circumstances may be.1 With active euthanasia, it is the doctor who administers the lethal medicate dose. Since it is tantamount to homicide, the few U.S. doctors who perform it have been brought to trial but none of them have ever been convicted and imprisoned.Modern interest in euthanasia in the linked States began in 1870, when a commentator, Samuel Williams, proposed to the Birmingham Speculative Club that euthanasia be permitted in all cases of hopeless and painful illness to bring about a ready and painless death. The word painless is important the idea of euthanasia began gaining ground in modern times not because of new technologies for agonizingly prolonging life but because of the discovery of new drugs, such as morphine and various anesthetics for the relief of pain, that could also painlessly induce death. Over the next three decades Williamss proposal was reprinted in popular magazines and books, discussed in the pages of prominent literary and political journals, and debated at the meetings of American medical societies and nonmedical professional associations.

Business, Government and Society

Odwalla, Inc. , the largest producer of fresh harvest-time and veget subject-based succuss in the Western parts of United States, was founded in 1980 by three people Steltenpohl, his wife and a friend. initially the business was started by a $200 worth of used succusr in the backyard of California from which it moved a step forward by transporting the juices to restaurants in the local vicinity. Gradually the business started expanding its distribution and ingatheringion facilities by increasing its harvest-tide delineates as well as by acquiring new(prenominal) juice manufacturing companies. Growth of the comp all(prenominal) was monetaryly backed by bank loans and private stock offerings.The strong marketing and product line helped in grasping consumer prudence which to a greater extentover enhanced the communitys image. With intensive marketing, pricing, product innovativeness and creativeness of the value driven product line of the company it succeeded in completed its best-ever monetary year in 1996 when sales reached about $59 m peaked(predicate)ion which were about 40 percent higher than the last year. Situation The company Odwalla Inc. has just far-famed its best fiscal year but is facing a health related issue with its products because of a virulent bacterium called E. coli 0157H7 which causes food poisoning and other such stomach problems.This problem is especially very(prenominal) serious in infants and older people whose immune systems arnt very strong. Although the overall class of this bacterium is present in the human intestinal tract and plays a helpful role in synthesizing vitamins and to suppress harmful bacteria. However some, especially E. coli 0157h7, cause a lot of harm for a mortal producing a toxin which affects the inner lining of the gut. This type of bacteria lives in the intestine of animals like cows, sheep, deer etc. and olibanum infects the meat of the animal thus rendering it unhealthy for human consumption.This bacteria however also travels through fecal contamination of the food e. g. if a fruit falls from the tree and comes into physical contact with the manure of the infected animal the fruit then also carries the germs of this bacteria. This bacterium is also infected when a person doesnt wash his hands aft(prenominal) using the toilet and touches the food, which has to be later on consumed, by his unclean hands. It was initially believed that the bacterium cannot exist in acidic environment and so all the drinks especially those containing citrus acid were protected from this virus as their pH level is 4.3. These acidic drinks included apple and other such juices. However recently this concept went under a change when it was found that it can and does exist under a pH of 4. 0. This was k at a time when some of the bacterium was found in acidic drinks which shouldnt cede been possible. After extensive research it was concluded that the bacteria must have undergone a mutation affec t because of which they can now exist even in acidic environment. The company Odwalla is very cautious health and nutrition wise because of which the fruits are selected later on careful analysis.The company recognized its values, vision and mission because of which a carefully designed plan is implemented to ensure that no unclean product goes into the manufacturing line. The fruits are carefully picked from the tree and no fallen fruit is accepted. Similarly the bin is checked and rechecked to see if any contact with the ground has been made. If there were any dirt or debris found the whole bin is rejected. Even after this careful handpicked selection the fruits are washed with a sanitizing solution of phosphorous acid and then scrubbed with whirling brushes.Later on all the juices are manufactured under strict hygienic conditions which arent to be compromised ever. Even after such careful analysis a few bacteria were found in some drinks which caused a huge amount of responsibi lity and tension for the company. trim down The company follows a strict code of conduct which ensures that the highest amount of product quality is delivered to the customers while maintaining the natural taste of the fruits. To deliver the promised quality and taste the company doesnt pasteurizes its juices because of which the bacteria, if were present in the drink, couldnt be finished.After the bacterium were found in the juices the company faced a serious problem dilemma as to what their course of action should be because they obviously didnt wanted to lost their customers along with their profits but they did not want to risk the health of their customers as well. Even one health issue case was very big for them as they were socially and ethically a very responsible company. So now the company had to decide what to do. After a serious of meetings it was decided that the products affected by this bacteria would be called back.So in a record breaking reanimate the products wer e pulled back from the shelves until the company can find a way to kill the bacteria. This was a major decision which costed the company almost $5 million. Despite the financial loss the companys main focus was on finding a way to eliminate this threat so that it wouldnt harm the consumers. For this designing investigations were conducted by the company and federal and state health authorities. The company after recalling the apple juice product also recalled back those products in which apple juice was used to further reduce risking consumer health.The company then sought to devise a plan which would reduce the risk as well as amplification its sales and would help in the reintroduction of these products in the market. On a short term level the company thought it would be best if it only interchange those products in which apple juice wasnt an ingredient. For this the products in which apple juice was used were manufactured again without apple juice in them and were then exchan ge in the market. But this procedure was only best for a short term purpose so as to reduce or minimize the nitty-gritty of the losses however they couldnt cut out apple juice as it was a major selling product of the company.Because of this the company decided to take for flash pasteurisation which is a modified form of pasteurization in which the juice is quickly heated to almost 160 degrees and then maintaining the temperature for a very short span of time so that the bacteria is killed. This reduces the material taste somewhat but is still better than the pasteurized juice. This decision was made after careful analysis of the demands and wants of the consumer. Option Every dilemma has more than one option similarly this issue had more than one option which the company could have selected.Regarding this case the company also had a series of actions from which it chose the best. The other options are as follows Discontinuing all apple juice products so that synthetic rubberty o f the consumer is fully assured. This instrument that apple juice would have to be cancelled not only as a product but as an ingredient from other products as well. This wasnt a very feasible option as more than 80 percent of the revenue was generated because of the apple juice and cancelling it out from the product line would mean to cut or throw away the most profitable aspect of the business. The second option the company had was to improve its manufacturing processes and tighten all the rules and regulations to further ensure that no unsafe or unhygienic product goes through the production cycle and ends up as a juice product. This would mean more inspection and washes of the fruits. The third option is modifying label in a way which ensures that the consumer knows that the juices isnt for infants or for older people. This way the infants and elder people would be safe because they are the most likely to get effected by the bacteria quiclkly. The fourth option the company can consider is to use standard pasteurization in which the juice is slowly heated to a certain temperature which is maintained for some time so that the bacteria are killed by the heat. This also increases the product life of the juice i. e. it will take longer for the product to be expired. But this type of method is not feasible as the company is highly focused on maintaining the quality and taste which is almost destroyed by this method. Using other alternatives technologies to remove the pathogens.These methods include a high pressure process which exerts a lot of pressure to cause the walls of the bacteria to explode. Other such methods include using electricity to kill bacteria and herbal antiseptic products etc. Recommendations The company showed a vast amount of ethical and social responsibility towards its customers throughout the dilemma. The company showed the problem in a very professional and virtuously upright way and according to my perception using flash pasteurization is a very good way to kill the bacteria because by this the actual taste of the product and quality is not lost.My recommendations for the company is that rather than just focusing on flash pasteurization the company should incorporate other options as well to make a perfect blend. The company should tighten and improve its production process so that no harmful substance is left. Overall I agree with the decisions of the organization and the way it solved the problem. Conclusion This case study is about a company Odwalla Inc. in which it faced serious problem in its product line despite having a very rigid and vigilant checking of the raw materials. Due to this bacterium some people fell critically ill and a girl even died.But nobody blamed the company because the company was doing its best to eradicate the bacteria and was helping the effected people in any way they can. The company even called back its products and then carried out a research as to what the customers wanted and f inally thorough flash pasteurization they were able to solve out the problem. Overall the company showed immense amount of ethical and corporate standards while dealing with the problem. ? Bibliography Nestle. M. , 2003 Safe Food Bacteria, Biotechnology, and Bioterrorism. Marion Nestle University of California vex

Communication, Information and Coordination in Organizations Essay

In speaking of organizations I believe that how organizations take is an extremely key comp mavennt part in success versus failure. The purpose of this paper is to talk nigh Communication, in throwation and Coordination, specific e veryy Vertical and squint Coordination in organizations. I result reference the four-spot unalike organisational frames we have learned about as a reference guide to explain how communication is viewed, as well as which types of organizations ar best suited to use either a Vertical or Lateral Coordination methodology.When we began the term we laid down a foundation on the different types of frames that an organization washstand take on. I would like to briefly touch on the four frames and then show how communication is defined in each. The world-class frame is the Structural Frame, which, emphasizes goals, specialized roles, and formal relationships (Bolman and Deal p. 14) In this frame the organization ultimately uses rules, policies, procedures and hierarchies to coordinate diverse activities into a unified strategy. (Bolman and Deal p. 4) As you can see with the definition to a higher place, communication is being done by means of a system of symbols, signs and or way. The organization creates the method for education to be passed and in that respect is an expectation that it will be followed. In the structural frame communication is used to, Transmit facts and study. (Bolman and Deal p. 307) You as an employee argon simply taking development from the organization and using it accordingly as well as taking information you receive and passing it along.You as an individual argon non analyzing the information, draw any conclusions altering it, You ar simply taking the information given to you and acting on it as given. The second frame is the kind-hearted Resource Frame. The human beings Resource frame sees the organization, much like an extended family, made up of individuals with needs, feelings, prejudices , skills and limitations(Bolman and Deal p. 14) In this frame the organization is made to fit the individuals that work there. The Human Resource Frame uses communication to Exchange information, needs and feelings. (Bolman and Deal p. 307) The Human Resource Frame uses the individual as a conduit for information gathering and scattering and is much more(prenominal) flexible in the deli very(prenominal) of information as opposed to the Structural Frame, which is more rigidly aligned. People are the approximately cherished asset of an organization. The Human Resource Frame seeks to develop the individual employee in the organization rather than make them one step is a core process. The tierce frame is the Political Frame and sees organizations as arenas, contests, or jungles(Bolman and Deal p. 4) In the Political Frame all people in the organization are in constant competition to get ahead and one way to get ahead is to possess the power of information. In the Political Frame it is who and what you know and who you are willing to share your information with that gets you ahead. With all of the competition involved there is often conflict between those vying for power. The Political Frame sees communication as an chance to, Influence or manipulate others. (Bolman and Deal p. 307) As stated previously, Information if a powerful tool.In a Political Frame possessing information and having the capacity to conduct that formation is key. The problem with Politics is that often information is used destructively rather than constructively. In an organization influencing and manipulating can and usually is a forked edged sword. Finally in the fourth frame is the Symbolic Frame is a more organic frame that is seen organizationally as, Tribes, theaters, or carnivals. It abandons assumptions of rationality more prominent in other frames. (Bolman and Deal p. 5) This frame is non widely used because it is so free flowing and actually quite odd that it does not wor k well in many cases. However, the Symbolic Frame still address communication as a means to, tell stories. (Bolman and Deal p. 307) copulation stories is a way often used to pass along information. Many cultures use stories to educate the neighboring generation and the stories contain information that is important for the next generations to know and preserve. In organizations, stories, tales and f commensurates should not be seen as appropriate sources of information.Basically, all the frames acknowledge that communication is an essential part of their make-up. The ability to communicate, whether through rules and procedures, meetings and networks or stories is very important in the day-to-day operations of your organization. I now offer a definition of communication as found in Websters mental lexicon and I will use the definition to further explain the importance of communication and more specifically the communication of information through a co-ordinated effort. Websters Di ctionary defines Communication as an act of instance of transmitting 2 a information communicated b a verbal or create verbally message 3 a a process by which information is exchange between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs, or behavior b personal rapport 4 a a system for communicating b a system of routes for moving troops, supplies, and vehicles c personnel occupied in communicating 5 a a technique for expressing ideas effectively b the technology of the transmission of information. Since the beginning of time man has attempted to communicate and as a result communication has constantly been improved.Thoughts, events and information have been recorded and passed along in some form or another for centuries, so you can see how communication is an essential part of everyday life. Knowing this you have to wonder how do we effectively communicate with each other? The to a higher place question has become and will always be a huge topic in society. People spend m illions of dollars a year on commission and learning techniques to better communicate with each other. Many people have capitalized on this quest for better communication skills and have become supposed experts in the field of communicating.You hear everyday how you need to be able to communicate better in your relationships, with your friends, peers and in general with everyone. So I look to the in a higher place definition to better clarify what exactly is meant by the various definitions of communication as I interpret them. I will use three of the definitions above and concentrate eon how they tie in with the theme of the paper, which is coordination. 2 a Information communicated. 3 a a process by which information is exchanged between individuals through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior.Finally, 5 b The technology of the transmission of information. I chose the above three definitions because they tie into a repetitive theme within communication and that is the p assing of information. We have discussed in this class, throughout the term, that information is power and those who have information have a definite advantage. In an organization information is key to success. The organization that is able to establish a free flow of information will always be in a better position to succeed because they are in a position to be able to adapt more quickly in times where change is essential.I am not suggesting that information always leads to change, because the information you receive could very well be that you need to continue what you are doing without changing. In particular Id like to look at the second definition I chose which talks about information being exchanged through a common system of symbols, signs or behavior and Id like to focus on behavior because the way your organization is aligned can ultimately affect your communicative behavior.In chapter three of Reframing Organizations we look see two types of coordination, which determine how information is passed and who processes it. The two types of coordination are Vertical and Lateral. Organizations that steer in stable markets and use a product that has little need for change are best suited for a Vertically coordinated organizational system. Organizations that operate in a turbulent environment and require constant change are best suited for a laterally coordinated organization.I will address both types and give an example of each below. In Vertical Coordination we see that the higher levels of management maintain control of information and regulate communications through establishing clear lines of authority, implementing rules and policies, and putting in place planning and control systems. By establishing authority the hierarchy appoints people such as executives, managers and supervisors to be in charge. This core group of people selected to have authority are, officially charged with keeping activities aligned with goals.They control by making decisions, resolving conflicts, solving problems, evaluating cognitive process and output, and distributing rewards and sanctions(Bolman and Deal p. 51) I can use my own situation as an example of this. Working in Law Enforcement I fall under a chain of command. In the chain of command I have been appointed a Sergeant. As a Sergeant I am charged with the tasks explained above. I communicate and pass information and orders to my subordinates. I receive my orders form my Commander, who in turn reports to a Captain and it goes right up the chain until it reaches the Sheriff.Information is communicated vertically through the ranks. Our organization aligned very closely with a Structural Frame Format. Not much emphasis is given to the Human Resource Frame, as the needs of the individual are not as much of a concern over the needs of the organization. The Political Frame is limited because the information is attack from the top and being disseminated down the ranks. Information obtained in Law En forcement is normally transcribed in report format and given out. Information that is important and not given out could result in legal action.There is no chance for the Symbolic Frame to exist because we do not communicate organically nor are we allowed to report in a story fashion. In our private lives we can tell stories and relay information, however on an organizational level we film strictly with fact. I derive my Authority from the chain of command and am regulated largely by the Policies and Procedures manual that my organization has constructed. The policies and procedures manual gives detailed book of instructions how to carry out tasks, how to monitor employees performance and conduct investigations.So in my personal career I can see that my organization is Vertically aligned. Information is communicated up and down the chain of command in clear-cut lines. Lateral communication and withholding information is discouraged and can lead to sever punishment. Although sensit ive technology is often introduced, the mission of Law Enforcement stays the same. As a result Law Enforcement uses vertical alignment to get information out as quickly and uniformly as possible. The opposite of the vertical form is the Lateral Form of Coordination. In Lateral Coordination several different methods are used to communicate and pass information.Lateral Coordination involves meetings, task forces, coordinating roles, matrix structures, and network organizations to communicate and pass on information. The above listed structures are more flexible and fluid than that of a rigidly defined Vertically Coordinated organization. I will briefly touch on the different methods used in the laterally coordinated systems. Meetings are described as, informal communication and formal meetings form the cornerstone of lateral coordination. (Bolman and circle p. 53) Formal meetings are the normal way stable organizations go about communicating.Simple meetings can used be used to pass along large chunks of information as well as to address new business. As the organization grows in complexity and size, Task Forces are utilized. Task Forces are formed when, problems or opportunities require collaboration of a number of specialties or functions. (Bolman and deal p. 54) Collaboration requires cooperation and cooperation can only exist when there is communication. A Task Force gets a group of specialized people together to accomplish an organizational goal. Coordinating Roles take the talents of individuals and spread them out to help persuade others to accomplish goals.An individual can monitor several different areas to help tie all componets together to make a finished product. Matrix Structures are used when the organization grows very large and crosses several different sectors of the business world. Matrix Structures are very complex and can add a lot of confusion to your organization, which is why they have been used so sparingly. Finally, Networks are now a very common communicative form in organizations. Networks have always been in existence and have grown in usage since the advent of computer technology. calculator networks have the capability of transmitting almost limitless amounts of information immediately to a large-scale group of people. Computer Networks are now one of the most valuable tools an organization can use to communicate. Since an organization that coordinates laterally is generally one that operates in a turbulent and often changing environment it is open to see why communication is essential. Information must be gathered, analyzed, processed and disseminated as quickly as possible to ensure that you will be able to keep up.An example of an organization that suffered because it failed to properly communicate and answer is the digital Corporation. Digital Corporation was a leader in the minicomputer industry, however when the market shifted form minicomputers to PCs they were too tied up in a non-productive coordi nation system. As a result they wasted valuable time in making the transition to the new technology. The company began to fail and was subsequently bought out by Compaq computers. The technology field, computers in particular, is changing on a daily basis.If you are not able to communicate the need for change based on the information received form current market trends then you are doomed to failure. Digital is a prime example of this concept. All of the above methods of Lateral Coordination are effective, however as with any system there are weaknesses. You must ensured that your resources are being used appropriately and efficiently in order to successfully maintain a more loosely coordinated method, as seen in the Lateral Coordination methodology. When you are not strict and rigid in your controls you run the risk of giving people too much freedom in their actions.Lateral Strategies are effective, however they must be monitored. In Conclusion, the coordinated communication of inf ormation within an organization is a key determinate of success versus failure. An organization, even one in a stable environment, must be fluid when it comes to communication. A lack of communication has been shown to result in the untimely delivery of crucial information and since we have identified that information is power, a lack of information will then render you powerless. By employing sound coordination methodologies and organization can better respond to its environment.As the environment changes so must the organization. The best way to know if your environment is changing is by properly gather and processing information form the various areas you deal in. Once processed and analyzed the information must quickly be communicated through the appropriate channels to ensure that necessary changes can be made. A breakdown in any one of these areas can and normally will have devastating effects. Many companies have see this firsthand. Coordination, Communication and Informatio n are three keys that an organization must embrace in order to survive.

Financial Accounting versus Managerial Accounting Essay

Managerial AccountingWhat is the basal purpose of the accounting system?The primary purpose is to produce forms portraying a comp whatevers performance over a period of quantify to make sound judgement on economic decisions. Managerial accounting is the collection, analyzing, and reporting of information concerning operations (Bragg, 2012). What are the types of reports produced? monetary accounting creates reports that reflect the business fiscal health for external users.These include balance sheets, income statements, and statement of cash flow. These reports are aimed for internal use and provide data on past, as well as future, numbers in operations. cipher reports, Job cost reports, sales and revenue forecasts are examples.Who are the primary users?External users, such as shareholders, creditors, tax authority all utilize reports generated from financial accounting. Managerial accounting is aimed at providing data for Internal users, such as management of that company, seni or supervisors, and other employees.What portion of the company is the primary focus?Financial accounting focuses on financial aspects of the companys history. External users rely on this information to make decisions concerning thefirm. Managerial accounting focuses primarily on the relevancy to business decisions and the administrative management portion. The statements are necessary to make sound decisions in operations.These reports focus on future data. What time periods are included?The time periods for statements generated in financial accounting generally cover 12 months. There are no specific time periods for managerial accounting. Are there any requirements for the standards of report presentation? Financial accounting is based on historical data and must be accurate and are upheld to standards set forth by Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Management accounting is not subject to adhering to specific standards or guidelines. If accounting were your career ch oice, which of the two would you consider? I would choose to work in the financial accounting area if I were to go into accounting, because it is all based on factual data. The objective is to record correct numbers. I would have more difficulty working in managerial accounting rather than financial accounting. Statements created in managerial accounting are revolved most future information and that sounds more difficult to come to the correct answer.ReferencesBragg, S. (March 8, 2012). What are the functions of managerial accounting? Retrieved from http//www.accountingtools.com/questions-and-answers/what-are-the-functions-of-managerial-accounting.html

Life Is a Race Essay

Family as a Primary Group Social Problems G atomic depend 18lick August 2010 Family plays an important role in the life-time of every person and eitheriance as a whole. It is no surprise that at every new stage of development in our indian lodge, with every reappraisal of values, the interest in the issues of family, morality and spirituality spikes. At the state time, in the complicated environments through which we weave our lives, the family remains a unique mediator among the interests of the individual and society and is in the epicenter of a major social upheaval.The transition to current market relations and with them the related apathy, and with the mpoverishment of the general population drastically came the turnaround in the view affecting the well-being of our families and their stability and effectiveness for proper upbringing of the young. These, along with many other social instabilities, permit direct to a crisis of family values. The consequences of this cr isis ar bifurcations between the generations, the prevalence of reduced lifetime fertility and the growing number of single erects in the United States.If marriage, parenthood and kinship are what constitute family relations, at the present time we are witnessing a decay of this little tiny trinity. The problem is complicated by the fact that at present time, the mental hospital of marriage is going through a transitional period. There is a certain destruction of the old traditional values of marriage, and the new have yet to be exploited. Marriage and family are increasingly becoming more about individuals and their need for intimate satisfaction and informal communication, and less about complex body part and support of one some other.Let us pinpoint and define Just where the family lays its essence within the complicated world of social groundworks and in which separates, as defined by our text. In a broad sense, the concept of a social group is any social association of hoi polloi, anything from peer groups to a population of a particular country. In sociology, this concept is used in a narrower sense as any number of people with similar norms, values, and expectations who interact with one a nonher on a regular terra firma (Schaefer, 2009, p. 107).In general, members of a society feel like they belong to a group, and are also perceived by others as members of said group. To analyze the social structure of a society there must be items explored that ppear in all elementary parts of the disposed society, which incorporate all of the social perspectives. For this, I have chosen what is generally accepted to be the primary group (Schaefer, 2009, p. 110). The most successful definition, and essentially psychiatric hospital of the term, was created by Charles Horton Cooley who coined the term o refer to a small group characterized by intimate, tace-to-tace association and cooperation (Scnaeter, 2 p. 110). In other words, primary groups are those in which individuals have individualized interaction with one another. For example, classmates can be members of a primary roup, and the rest of the student body would then be members of a substitute(prenominal) group. From a social perspective of a functionalist for the normal operation of the human society we must consolidate certain types of social relations so that they bugger off mandatory for members of a particular social group (Schaefer, 2009, p. 4). This primarily refers to those social relations in which, in order to obtain entry, members of a certain group must satisfy the most vital requirements needed for the successful functioning of the given group as an integrated social unit. For example, or the production of secular comforts, people tend to perpetuate and secure a level of financial cushioning this is also done for the upbringing of children, for unstrained family relationships, as well as for education and training for everyone involved.A symbolic interactionist would view the family process as a consolidation of social relations and a way to establish a system of roles and statuses, prescribing certain rules of conduct in a social network, and in defining a system of sanctions in case of a default by any of the individuals in the process of living out and following he given rules of conduct (Schaefer, 2009, p. 16/111). Social roles, statuses and sanctions are implemented in the form of social institutions that define sustainable patterns of look, ideas and incentives.Social institutions are organized patterns of beliefs and demeanour centered on basic social needs, such as replacing force out in the family setting (Schaefer, 2009, p. 113). Social institutions dictate how ideas and goals are perceived and defined by the system of standard social values, such as patterns of public behavior and the complicated systems of various social ties, i. e. he sets of roles and statuses through which a range of behavior is carried out and kept with in certain limits.So, within the concepts of social institution and social group there is a significant internal difference. While the social group, whether primary or secondary, is a collection of interacting individuals, the social institution is a system of social relationships and social norms that exist in a particular area of human activity. However, it should be noted that these concepts are inseparable from each other, because a social institution is a set of relationships and systems of behavior, and is etermined ultimately by the needs of people.In other words, although the social institution creates social relationships and norms, there are people for whom these relationships are linked and carried out the family is the perfect example of a social group that puts the rules in to practice. People organize themselves into different groups using institutional rules. each(prenominal) institution includes many social groups that provide the overall institutional behavior. Con sequently, institutions and social groups are interrelated, and it would be completely meaningless to separate these otions and study them separately.So, based on the foregoing, I conclude that the family is a social phenomenon that combines the features of a social institution and a primary group. The idea of the modern family arises from the desire to satisfy purely personal needs and interests ot individuals. According to structure-tunctionalists, tn patterns of reciprocal obligations among people and between structures of people and the greater society define family. The greater society has needs that must be met in order to meet those needs, society creates subsets of people structured to elp meet the needs of society.The family is one of those structures. The definition of family changes as the needs of the greater society change. When the greater society needs rapid population growth after a time of war, for example societys definition of family emphasizes heterosexual bon ding, procreation and child rise up save when the greater society is faced with over-population and the need to limit population growth, societys definition of family may be modified to include man bonding and may be more supportive of childless couples (Diem, 1997,As a primary group, the family connects the personal needs of the public interest, adapting to social relations, norms, and values that are accepted in our society. In other words, the familys personal needs are sorted and organized on the basis of accepted societal values, norms and behavior patterns and, eventually, acquire the character of the social functions such as the regulation of sex, procreation, socialization, emotional satisfaction, status, safety, and economic security.From what I have gathered, the definition of family from a conflict perspective has een a highly demoralised and slightly controversial subject since family is con boldnessred a sacred institution. As a result, support for research on confl ict in the family has been discouraged (Werner-Wilson, 1993, p. 6). And it would seem that a social institution of such prominence would not have a dark side from which can leap and bound toward independence suppressed minorities. But for the sake of this essay, let us assume that if Karl Marx were to look at the institution of marriage, he would wave his well bearded nugget side to side disapprovingly.The idea of a traditional family as roots in male supremacy, and suppression of womens rights. If only Karl Marx was not a man of the nineteenth century, but lived in present time. The ideal family includes 1) a set of social values (love, for children), 2) public procedure (for the care of children, family rights and obligations), and 3) interlacing of roles and statuses (status and role of husband, wife, child, teenager, mother-in- law, brothers, etc. ), with the aid of which the family exists.Thus, the institution of family is a collection of certain bonds, rules and roles, which in practice are manifested into the activities of this individual primary group. We all know how great the importance of family is in everyday life, society and even in the political arena. After all, it is the family of each person that provides them with an inexhaustible source of love, devotion and support. The family lays foundation for morality, spirituality and tolerance. And it is the family that is recognized as the major indicate for why cultural beliefs survive, are inherited and passed from generation to generation.It is a prerequisite for socialization and the lifelong study of social roles, basic education, skills, and behavior. A healthy, strong family is the basis of stability and prosperity of any society. The family is the foundation of all social institutions vis--vis the development of the family is ultimately the progress of society as a whole. But the world does not stand still, in its ever-changing atmosphere social institutions take on new meanings and the id eas ot marriage and tamily change witn the times.Marriage has ceased to be life-long and is losing its legitimacy divorce, single parent families, broken hearts and bank accounts used to be exceptions, and are now becoming the norm. The vast majority of professionals such as philosophers, sociologists, psychologists, economists, and students of the modern school of thought, all agree that the family is going through a real crisis. The strength of family is being tested under the weight of total catastrophic failure that our society is liner the deep nature of which is characterized by our flailing civilization.As a primary element of society, it gives a miniature image of the same contradictions that are inherent in our cultures. whizz of the most remarkable properties of the family is its flexible and dynamic orm of structural organization. Thanks to the universal ability to adapt to the peculiarities of the ever-changing world, the family has developed an enormous variety of typ es of family structures, sometimes adapting itself beyond recognition, but while keeping unchanged its essence as a social institution and a primary group.In addition, the family is created to meet any number and range of essential human needs. The family, therefore, in contrast to other social groups defines the very meaning of integrity and adaptability. Because of its multifunctional ability to ameliorate the physiological and sychological human needs, and its disposal toward self-organization and self- development the idea of family is able to combine all personal, collective and public interests into one little amiable ball with a gigantic potential for explosive cataclysm.The world is not static, it changes, and with it change its social institutions, and thus the family. Clearly, the family today, like society in general, is in deep cow dung. The strength of the family, its charm and vivification lie in the integrity that is inherent in the family idea and in the definition of the primary social group and social nstitution. The present era in which we have had this great pleasure of existing is different from any other in recorded history.Todays complex economic and social situations require a modern approach, which can often cause stress and depression, which have already become integral parts of our existence. Today is the time when the need is particularly great in having a safe retreat, a place of spiritual comfort. This safe retreat can be our family, its stability and strength can be built to moderate the widespread variability of the painful world. The family is something worth elebrating, and in celebrating ourselves we can go on further to build everything else that will try to destroy it.

Principles of Management Essay

1. Discuss three (3) different methods of effecting alternate. Use practical examples from your become or knowledge, and describe your experience in practiceing change.Change will not be effortlessly implemented with protrude an implementation plan or a framework. Change is often implemented in order to resolve issues, concerns, or setbacks to make situations or conditions more desir able-bodied. (National Defense University, 2008) It must then follow a process, called research, in order to identify what changes argon to be made and how changes are to be implemented. The initial step is to identify the problem or the issue that is to be resolved through change.Next, there should be sufficient background information that supports the pressing need for change. Then it is time to come up with several changes that are suited to solve the problem. Once the around important plan of change is determined, the question of how the change will be implemented should be answered. This include s the plan of action, rules and regulations, etc. Overall, the implementation plan abovementioned solidifies the need to implement change, and becomes a guide to direct an organization in realizing its goals by lessening confusion and ambiguity.Another method to effect change is to involve everyone concerned. In this way, individuals good carry and adapt to the changes lessening pressure, stress, confusion, and chaos. Moreover, information circulated for everyone involved should be clear, extensive, flexible, and reasonable. For instance, there is a need to revamp the structure of organization through reappointment. Therefore, laying unwrap the reasons for such action is important. These reasons should be evenhanded and logical. Reappointing, hiring, or even laying off should also be reasonable and explicated to employees.The change should also be airfoil to pleas and petitions from employees with consideration to accomplishments, position, character, etc. The entire process is most effectively done through a meeting, with the aid of a well-researched and written report containing all required information. (Actalpha, 2008) In this way, change in the structure of the organization, as an example, is unquestionable and easily accepted due to facts. Personally, being informed about future changes makes it easy to accept expected results and outcomes, and lessens precaution, resistance and difficulties to implement changes.Lastly, it is most important to set rules to follow on how everyone is to observe the changes implemented. Consistency is vital in allowing effortless adaptation of changes and the facilitation of debut to these changes. Monitoring and supervision would assist in accomplishing this method of change attention. (Caroll, 2008)2. Why are most organizations and individuals resistant to change? What can managers do to facilitate change?As the saying goes, change is inevitable. Although organizations cannot avoid having to implement changes ever y now and then, its members are more often than not resistant to change. This is because change is accompanied by adjustment and undeterminable outcomes. For organizations, resistance to change is mainly caused by the fear of loss or defeat once changes are implemented. (Bacal, 2008)Organizations and its members are driven by success and the accomplishment or realization of organizational goals and objectives. The primary purpose of change is to improve organizational structure and atmosphere however, there is always the fear of failure or a letdown if changes that are implemented backfires and does not prove to be sufficient nor appropriate to develop and redirect the organizational situation.To lessen these fears, ambiguity, or apprehensions regarding organizational changes, the manager should be able to utilize his command to facilitate change. As aforementioned in order to answer the previous question, managers should be able to assure the organization and its members that a cha nge is necessary. Assessing all the aspects related to change is also needed. It is the most basic and the most important process in facilitating change. This is carried out through extensive research analysis, plan mapping, formulation of action plans or process maps, etc. These written reports and plans shall be distributed to everyone involved who will be touch by the planned changes to be implemented.Once information is distributed to the members of the organization, managers should conduct a training program or a seminar workshop to initiate a word about the issues related to the type of change, and to prepare members of the organization for changes in roles and responsibilities, rules and regulations, salary, etc. through training and workshop. (Southeast Association of Facilitators, 2007) After the training program or seminar workshop, the management is now able to implement the changes formally. At this point, rules and regulations should be observed strictly and consisten tly in order to sustain the transition from the old to the new working situation or environment.

Environmental Scanning Essay

The environs is responsible for more caller-out changes that the general popular often realizes. The future of a company depends on the reaction that the company has to environmental changes. By not adapting to the changes, companies could ultimately end up failing. Recognizing that the environment is changing, businesses need to be able to adapt their products to retain up with new opportunities and balance a strategic fit between the environment and the company (Wheelen and Hunger, 2010). Toyota A Responsibility to the Environment.Toyota led the revolution on economically friendly vehicles when the Toyota Prius was introduced in the United States in January 2009 (The fifth toyota, 2011). The Prius is the first in a long line of cars since 2009 to be marketing towards not producing dangerous emissions nocent to the environment. Toyota recognized the need for more energy efficient cars to reduce and adapted to meet the need. This quick move resulted in Toyota standing out as a l eader within the automobile industry. In 2011, Toyota introduced the Fifth Toyota Environmental Action Plan. This action purpose sets the precedence for standards for 2020 through 2030.The three themes throughout the action plan is construction of a low-carbon society, construction of a recycling-based society, and the construction of a society that coexists with nature and environmental conservation (The fifth toyota, 2011). Toyota is committed to developing the next contemporaries of vehicles that rely on clean energy such as electricity rather than fuel. Toyota also testament ensure market acceptance of these new vehicles by having these vehicles stand out with different characteristics that customers will want to have (The fifth toyota, 2011).Toyota is seeking to stimulate the crisscross vehicle market by introducing new models and expanding the hybrid vehicle market stadium (The fifth toyota, 2011). Toyota is also working with consumers directly by implementing initiatives by promoting eco-driving as wholesome as providing traffic-flow improvement using afoot(predicate) IT & ITS technologies (The fifth toyota, 2011). By asserting Toyota as an industry leader in hybrid vehicle technology, Toyota has a competitive advantage.Making the action plan public information as well as focusing all future technology around this plan, Toyota is displaying fealty to the environment as well as dedication to what customers want. By making these goals public, Toyota has a responsibility to ensure the effectiveness of their plan. Toyota will measure the effectiveness of the action plan by working with the REACH standard to ensure the goals they set forth ar being met (The fifth toyota, 2011). The REACH Regulation focuses on minimizing the impact of chemical substances on the environment as well as people and provide corporations with insight on responsibly managing the use of chemical substances (The fifth toyota, 2011).Toyota also plans on working with governmen t agencies to ensure that environmental goals are being met (The fifth toyota, 2011). In 2008, Toyota began the process of registering products either directly or indirectly used in the manufacturing of their vehicles (The fifth toyota, 2011). In 2009, Toyota announced that completely 15 supplies used in vehicle manufacturing were substances of high concern, and began to change these products for products that match REACH regulation (The fifth toyota, 2011).By working almost with REACH and former(a) government agencies, Toyota is able to keep constant measure of their success in their environmentally based action plan. Florida indicant and Light Clean Energy for a Clean Future Florida Power and Light is committed to changing based on environmental needs. No longer is it possible for electric companies to operate with fogey fuels alone. Florida Power and Light uses a mix of fuels at their supply plants in order to generate clean energy (Our trueness to, 2014).Due to this mix of fuels, Florida Power and Light is recognized as a clean energy company with one of the lowest emission rates (the emission rate is currently 35% better than the industry average) and obtains most energy from clean-burning natural gas (Our commitment to, 2014). This year, Florida Power and Light began operation at three emissions-free solar energy facilities in Florida (INSERT). By using clean energy, Florida Power and Light is number two in the country for energy efficiency and offers one of the lowest energy charges in the state to their customers (Our commitment to, 2014).Florida Power and Light is committed to being held accountable as a leader in energy efficiency. By working closely with the U. S. Department of Energy, Florida Power and Light can stay up to date on how to follow their current plan on power plant modernisation process. Florida Power and Energy also updates the Florida Public Service Commission on a regular basis to ensure they are complying with the standards f or clean energy (Our commitment to, 2014).The parent company of Florida Power and Light, Nextera Energy, makes their governing documents, policies and procedures public knowledge and files in compliance with government agencies to ensure that they are meeting the environmental needs infallible (Our commitment to, 2014). Since the U. S. Department of Energy must oversee all power plants in the United States, Florida Power and Light will have to successfully aver effective clean energy to not only operate within standards, but to continue to be a leader in the field of power and energy.Performing an environmental scan is important to companies due to constant change. The environment is in a constant state of change. If companies do not recognize this change, they will fail to adapt to the needs of the current economic conditions. By failing to change, companies run the risk of becoming obsolete in the new environment and are no longer able to operate. By performing environmental sca ns, companies can gage where changes need to be made and how to be leaders in their field on how to successfully execute making the necessary changes in order to remain relevant.References The fifth toyota environmental action plan (fy2011-fy2015). (2011). Retrieved from http//www. toyota-global. com/sustainability/environmental_responsibility/action_plan/fifth_plan4. html Our commitment to the environment. (2014). Retrieved from http//www. fpl. com/environment/commitment. shtml Wheelen, T. L. , & Hunger, J. D. (2010). Concepts in strategic management and business policy Achieving sustainability (12th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ Pearson/Prentice Hall.

Bullying in Schools: Terrorism or Child’s Play Essay

Whether you call it harassment, intimidation, or bullyrag, this form of violence affects many aimdays pincerren each day as they enter their classrooms. Bullying is defined as having three essential components (1) vulturine behavior that involves unwanted negative actions (2) a pattern of behavior repeated over time and (3) an asymmetry of power or strength (Olweus, nd). Bullying is non a new phenomenon in prep atomic number 18s. It has been prevalent for decades, solely the recent reports of suicide amongst bullied children, as well as school shootings as pay back for the torment, is insurrection in alarming rates. Physical taunting, such as hitting and spitting, along with verbal name affair and malicious threats, turn school environments into a climate of fear and terror for these children.Psychologically, children are affected when they are socially excluded, have vicious rumors spread about them or are humiliated passing(a) (Ericson, 2001). The impacts of ballyrag f ollow these children into adulthood, leading to depression, mental health issues and physical problems that affect the healthcare system. Programs that recognize, intervene, and prevent determent essential be implemented in schools to prevent the long-term health issues that will arise in feeler years. As a confederacy, a clear message must be sent to ensure that blusterous will not be tolerated in schools, consequences will be executed for those defying the programs and that a safe, risk relinquish environment will be provided for all children. The former mentality of kids will be kids will no longer be tolerated.Types of BullyingBullying can be seen in a variety of behaviors. Dan Olweus, a pioneer in the study of bullying and the author of The Olweus Bullying prevention Program (Olweus, nd), defines various types of bullying that affect the health and welfare of school-age children. The nine most prominent are1. Verbal bullying including uncomplimentary comments and bad na mes2.Bullying through social isolation3. Physical bullying such as hitting, kicking, shoving or spitting4. Bullying through lies and false rumors5. Having money taken or things damaged by students who bully6. Being threatened or forced to do things by students who bully 7. Racial bullying8. Sexual bullying9. Cyber bullying including cell phones and Internet (Olweus, nd).According to the U.S. Department of Justice, a report by the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) found that 17 percent of surveyed children responded to having been bullied by others sometimes or workweekly, 19 percent had bullied others sometimes or weekly, and 6 percent had both bullied others and were bullied themselves. The survey, the initiative areawide research on bullying in the United States, questioned 15,686 public and private school students in grades six through ten. Through this research, it was found that 1.6 million children were bullied at least once a week and 1.7 mil lion children bully others just as frequently (Ericson, 2001).Effects of BullyingThe American Medical reliefer recognizes bullying as a public health problem that leads its dupes to suffer from healthcare issues. Forums are held by researchers and healthcare professionals to combat the effects and problems associated with bullying. Among the hindrances identified by researchers and experienced by those who are bullied are headaches, sleep problems, stomach troubles, low self-esteem, depression, loneliness, and thoughts of suicide (Fleming & Towey, 2002).Researchers have found that as many as 160,000 students stay national from school on any given day for fear of organism bullied (Fleming & Towey, 2002). Students have a in good order to feel safe in school and receive the stress free education they deserve. The AMA recognizes that bullying is not just an educational problem or strictly a problem to be addressed by schools and parents. It is understood that this is a healthcare is sue that must alike be taught to be recognized in medical and nursing schools alike (Fleming & Towey, 2002).Regulatory IssuesCurrently forty-five states have anti-bullying laws. The state of South Carolina adopt anti-bullying legislation in 2006. Current legislation mandates each school district to adopt a form _or_ system of government prohibiting harassment, intimidation, or bullying at school. The school district must involve parents and guardians, school employees, volunteers, students, administrators, and community representatives in the process of creating the policy (National Association of State Boards of Education, 2009).Most states have suitable laws that reflect what bullying is, how it affects the victim and what school districts must do to decrease the harassment. While this anti-bullying legislation looks perfect on paper, what many school districts lack is enforcement of these regulations within their schools. In January 2010, 15 year old Phoebe Prince from South H adley, Massachusetts, hanged herself after being harassed and bullied for months from students at her high school. enlighten officials failed to stop it, even though the bullying was common intimacy for months. Phoebes mother twice complained to school staffers, and some bullying was witnessed by teachers (Hampson, 2010).Goals and Recommended SolutionsThe goal is not only to design effective school policy on bullying but to drag it of the essence(p) to implement and impose its content. A zero-tolerance disciplinary policy must be adopted which would enforce expulsions for fighting, bullying, and vehement behaviors (Almond, 2008). Evaluating the policys effectiveness to assess the sanctuary and security of the school and identify actions that can make improvements can be accomplished through student and parent surveys. Reports of bullying from victims and teachers will heighten community awareness and will determine whether changes in policy or law must be initiated. It is also necessary to have everyone on the local level involved.Not only school officials and educators, but janitors, lunchroom workers, school nurses, and parents must be willing to make bullying education part of the school curriculum and anxious(predicate) to contribute to the programs. Keeping abreast of current anti-bullying information is essential. Web sites like www.bullyinginfo.org and www.stopbullyingnow.hrsa.gov provide current info and resources associated with bullying (Rudolph, 2010).In October 2010, the South CarolinaAssociation of School Administrators (SCASA) initiated the Bullying Prevention Initiative through a federal grant (Long, 2010). They are selecting four pilot schools in the state to execute the Olweus Bullying Prevention Program, which is known to decrease bullying by 25 to 50 percent if properly instituted. The training is not mandated by state law and costs about $2000 dollars per elementary school (Long, 2010). Many school officials are hesitant to begin th e program because of the cost, but how can we put a price on the safety and health of children? ConclusionTo allow bullying to take place in any school is a travesty. The devastating effects may impact children for their entire lives. Healthcare providers, educators, local government, and parents must work in concert to bring this healthcare issue to a halt. Enforcement of policies must be taken seriously and consequences enforced. This problem affects thousands of students daily and can no longer be tolerated. Suicide and health implications do not occur from childs play. Bullying is a form of terrorism, and those who oppress and torment others must be disciplined for their actions.ReferencesAlmond, L. (2008). School Violence. (pp 19). Farmington Hills, MI Greenhaven Press. Ericson, N. (2001). Addressing the Problem of Juvenile Bullying (Vol. 27). Washington, DC Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. Fleming,M and Towey, K,( Eds.) (2002). educational Forum on Adoles cent Health Youth Bullying. Chicago American Medical Association. Retrieved fromhttp//www.ama-assn.org/ama1/pub/ transfer/mm/39/youthbullying.pdf Hampson, R. (2010, April 4). A Watershed Case in School Bullying. USA Today. Retrieved from http//www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2010-04-04-bullying_N.htm Kaiser, C. (2009, May 29). Call bullying what it is terrorizing. Philadelphia Health Care Examiner. Retrieved from http//www.examiner.com/health-care-in-philadelphia/call-bullying-what-it-is-terrorizing?r Long, M. (2010, October 26). Educators introduce new

Ethics and Corruption

What is decadence? Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It is damaging to a country because decisions atomic number 18 taken non for the open benefit but to serve private interests. Corruption undermines good governance, fundament eithery distorts public policy, leads to misallocation of resources, and in particular hurts the poor. There is a case in 29th July 1995, where the collapse of the Sampoong Superstore in Seoul, South Korea, represents an example of a structural collapse attributed in large part to subversive activity.The collapse of this structure left 937 people wound and had a death toll of over 500 innocent lives. Due to that, Engineers law and estimable standard go out be put to test when involving run into worth millions dollars. As the utter goes, notes is the root of all evil, it is not unusual to find plans who are tempted by the amount of money that they are entrusted with whether to fully utilize the money in the project or t o match their individual greed. Hence, engineers ingest to be truthful. The level of truthfulness in design is very high, much higher in day-to-day life.It imposes what many consider an absolute prohibition on deception, and in addition it establishes a high noble- heeded of seeking and speaking the truth (Martin & Schinzinger, 2005). Being truthful keep the engineers a mood from putref military action and cutting time out. iodine of many ways to prevent putridness and unethical charge of cutting corner in engineering field is the development of honest and ethical engineering culture by creating or increase sensory faculty of ethical practice among engineers since large amount of money or projects are often being handled by engineers.This is fundamental in a sense that engineers must aware(predicate) of the types of corruption as substantially as the punishments and imports for involving in corruption. Punishments such as retracting the title of engineer and blacklis ting the particular individual in the Board of Engineers Malaysia (BEM) and more severe punishments such as imprisonment, confiscating of properties and summonses. When engineers aware of the punishments subjected, then corruption flowerpot be prevented. Besides, awareness among engineers towards corruption keister be created by implementing subjects or courses concerning engineers ethical issues into engineering course in university.Students that vow to become an engineer must number 1 be taught of the ways to become an ethical engineer. Furthermore, BEM can include seminars or talks about ethical issues into Continuous Professional Development (CPD) programs for local engineers. Seniors engineers are compulsory to go into to gain points in CDP. By doing so, senior engineers that left university for long could still be educated on ethical issues. Therefore, self-awareness is a long term strategy in curbing corruption and unethical practices. When corruption is involved, compet itions are not fair anymore. People will find various methods to sell competition.Instead of using a well-organized process for contracting based on technical criteria to judge bids and firms, it is modify and is subject to monopoly power plus discretion minus office. Some political appointees have the discretion to allow contracts without competition or technical appraises. Therefore, tendering process must be more transparent and have exacting control over project variation. Handling of tenders should be fair and just where the project should only be awarded to the bidder who offers lowest price on the project without ignoring the quality of materials and services as well as the customers indispensabilitys. whatever conflict of interest or bribes should be notified by the engineer to the corresponding company during the process of evaluating all the offers make by the bidders in position to ensure an outcome of decision which are fair, just and likewise the best for the c ompany. By doing so, the opportunity of the engineer to work together with the bidders in falsifying the receipts or offers to gain profit without alerting or the knowledge of the company can be decreased or at some point, being completely blow outd, to avoid putting the lives of workers, employees and publics at try due to corruption. reinforcement or authority given to the engineers must not be misused in unlawful deeds, engineers should report card to their company for how they handle or use the given authority to complete the project in ramble to prevent falsification and exaggeration of the project funds. Corruption usually occurs because a certain individual or organization has too much power and authority. Engineers themselves should always alert toward orders they get from company or requirement from customers. Any conflicts of the order or requirement with the codes of ethics should be advised by the engineers to the customer or company.If the advice failed to change th eir mind, then the engineers have the responsibility to carried forth the case to corresponding authority. Besides, in order to eliminate the unnecessary power and authorities, the administration approval process should be optimized. A complete supervising carcass should be implemented to prevent any corruption and this supervising system should allow the officials to work without administrative interference at the same time protecting the innocent public.Besides, institution of regular and random checks is important to review the conduct of the officials involved in engineering, project or construction industry. These checks include detailed review of the entire procurement process on selected projects. It must be fair and done by an anti-corruption body. The checks should not single out any individual official or company. Consequently, officials are less likely to participate in corrupt conduct or deliberate maladministration as they cannot be confident that their conduct will no t be detected by detailed scrutiny of supervisory officials.As a consequence of these random and regular reviews or checks, may be a pattern of misconduct can be identified at one or more specific stages during the construction process. Furthermore, hot atmospheres or whistle-blowers guard is another measure in curbing corruption and unethical practices of cutting corners. Hot lines improve accountability by enlisting workers and public to report corrupt acts. The government office responsible for investigating such acts often operates a hot line.For example, in Hong Kong, the Independent Commission Against Corruption runs a hot line and guarantees that every allegation is investigated. It overly protects those who make reports by granting file access to officers on a claim to know basis only. However, in cases where anonymity cannot be guaranteed, those who protest corruption often place themselves at risk. In many countries, whistle blowers are often fired or punished, subject ed to administrative harassment, and exposed to violence. For this reason, anti- corruption efforts need legislation to protect whistle blowers from official sanctions or even to reward them.Although whistle-blowing is not desirable in a company as it will affect the reputation of the company, but it is an essential way in combating corruption. With every engineer practicing whistle-blow, others will not even consider unethical practices such as corruption and cutting corners. Thus, effectively preventing misbehavior among engineers and subsequently safeguarding the good image of the engineering profession. Professional engineers should aware that it is important to conduct the duty assigned to them responsibly and professionally especially when it involves he confidential information about certain project because bribery and cutting corner can also occur in such way that the information is used by other company to compete in an unsporting condition. The professional engineers wil l never disclose the confidential information of their client or companies to others in order to maintain their professionalism and they must also knows that the consequences of revealing those information can be a great risk for themselves and companies, such act is punishable and will affects their reputation as an professional engineer.Furthermore, transparency of a project progress can reduces as well as avoids corruption to occur as the activities of the project are visible to all and the engineer can hardly alter it for cutting corner purpose. The transparency of a tender progress or engineering project can be made clear or sharpend by doing the publication of the procurement procedures. Procedures involved in the projects shall be clearly defined and say so that the publications are understandable and clear to public, details such as stating how and where the supplies originated from shall be included.Through this step, the procedures made in the projects are transparent to the public and the chance for the engineers to corrupt would be greatly reduced. The publication can be made through media such as newspaper, internet, and magazine at which these media are easily reached by the public. According to the BEM code of ethics, a registered engineer shall conduct himself extolably, responsibly, ethically and lawfully so as to enhance the honors, reputation and usefulness of the profession.This code should always be abided by the engineer and keep in mind that one should be avoiding from corruption, bribery and also cutting corner and have to be very well aware that these are the actions punishable by the Board of Engineers or court of law and also talent risk the refuge and health of the public. Every engineer should aware of their own responsibility toward the company, client and public which includes preserving the reputations of company and themselves. They should do everything lawfully to increase the reputations of their company and engineers.Re putation of an engineer is very important in order for them to be employed and keep their professions as an engineer. Engineers also should uphold their professionalism in order to honor and enhance their usefulness in the field. Failing to abide the codes might result in drop in reputation, being fired, the license of engineer being revoked or the worst is, might end up in jail. Based on the first-class honours degree principle of BEM Codes of ethics, a registered engineer holds paramount the safety, health and welfare of the public.The engineer should always make the public as his first priority because in the profession of engineering, the whole fellowship is the ultimate client rather than the individual client. Corruption and cutting corner always put the safety of public at the edge of risk as the bidders always tend to make more winnings from the project, hence they might altered the materials for the project to lower quality materials in order to save constitute and this might lead to disastrous consequences such as collapse of buildings and dangerous behaviors of machines due to malfunction or system breakdown.Engineers have the responsibility to report to corresponding authority if their client or company failed to fulfill the instructions of the engineer that abide the code. Even though engineers have their own responsibility toward their client, but the first code of ethics erases this responsibility if their clients or company fail to follow what have been set by the engineers which did not against the codes of ethics. Failing to abide the first code might result in disciplinary action to be taken or the license as an engineer to be revoked because they put the lives of public in danger, even though at the end no harm or loss of life occur.The first code of ethics is also applicable to the case with other professions at which the general publics safety is the main favor to be made before others. In conclusion, engineers should always take con sideration and action according to the codes of ethics. Any action that might lead to bribery, corruption or cutting corner should be avoided. Prevention methods for unethical practice have to be carried out by engineers and the importance of upholding the professionalism in engineering field has to be kept in mind in order to create an honorable, responsible, ethical and lawful profession.The impression or reputation of engineers can be improved through actual practice of the codes of ethics and avoiding corruptions. Engineers should always remind themselves that not only the project, reputation, and wealth are in their hands, but also the safety and life of public, therefore, it is important for them to make safety issues as the main priority of making consideration. In addition, the integrity of the country also can be improved through such practice as the corruptions, briberies, and cutting corners are reduced.

Education Field Observation Report Essay

I have learned a lot nigh the dogma profession this semester. My dream has always been to become an Elementary t all(prenominal)er. I had the opportunity to observe many a(prenominal) classrooms, especially at the Elementary grade levels. Through field experience, I was able to imagine my aver classroom and teaching methods. I sight both student-based classrooms and teacher-based classrooms. I even had the opportunity to learn some teaching special education classes, which I never considered teaching until now.This field experience has made me incredulity the level that I lack to teach, the methods of instruction I should choose, and the content area on which I should focus. Although my task was to observe for five hours in elementary, five hours in center direct, and five hours in high school, I observe more teachers and classrooms at the elementary level. Starting out, my goal was to teach only grades kindergarten through fifth, notwithstanding I had the realization th at I would not mind teaching at middle grade levels. In some of the student-centered classrooms, I noticed that group work made some of the quieter students feel comfortable oral presentation in class and engaging in activities.An example is the fourth grade class that worked in groups and revolve stations e truly few minutes. They enjoyed the subject content more since they had the opportunity to work together. This is something I want to bring to my classroom. I got to see teacher-based classrooms, too. However, I did not enjoy observing these classes as much. I entangle like the students were not as engaged, and they just did not want to be there. All of the teachers that I observed this semester welcomed me to their classrooms.They even invited me to vi drive again. In most of the classes, I noticed that the students felt comfortable around the teacher. unrivaled teacher engaged in conversation with her students more or less their spring break. She was inspiring to watch. Sh e was teaching math sequence I was there, and every student was engaged. She made the children comfortable yet she had their full attention during the math operation. I am glad I had the opportunity to observe the interactions between the students and teachers, because I was able to realize the vastness of the students comfort in class.This was especially true in the co-taught special education class that I observed. For example, the students were allowed to sit on the floor and take their tests to reduce test-anxiety. I was given the chance to really think about how student behavior is influenced by the teachers behavior. Before obtaining field experience, I believed that middle school students would be unruly and frustrating to teach.I feel differently now that I have seen the middle grade teachers in action. All of the teachers were helpful and explained their philosophies to make me understand how they have well-disciplined students. Behaviorism was a military issue discusse d in our textbook, and I was able to see different theories first hand. For example, most of the elementary teachers have refund systems set up to endorse good behavior. Others, start the school year out being very strict and then loosen up as the year unwinds.I want to have a good behavior model for my classroom, so I was glad to observe various techniques. Some of the teachers gave me copies of the lessons the students were doing at the time of my observation. I found these activities useful as they made me think about the curriculum that is used. This was most-valuable to me since we learned about curriculum and how it is determined, as well as by whom it is determined. Most of the classes that I observed were my favorite subjects, English, Language Arts, and Math. However, I now feel more comfortable at the thought of teaching other content areas, grade levels, and even special education.I was given the chance to observe an English as a Second Language class at the tenth grad e level. When first acquire about ESL classes this semester I thought I would never want to teach this type of class. This is one of the classes that I am most interested in now. I enjoyed watching the teachers and students interactions, but I did not trade for the method of instruction. Although, the teacher used student-centered instruction, it seemed as though he was unable to relate the vocabulary of the activity to some of the students because of the language barrier.I imagined various technology and resources that the instructor could have used. This is an area that I expect to observe more in the future. I thoroughly enjoyed every minute of observation time in the field this semester. I have realized that I am on the right track to a rewarding career. I am still inspired and more determined to become an educator. I am thankful that I had the opportunity to learn from other teachers. Mostly, I was inspired by their patience, innovation, determination, and their compassion f or each individual student.

Mount athos

batch Athosis a mountain on the peninsula of the same name in Macedonia, of blue Greece, called in Greek Agion Oros transliterated frequently as Hagion Oros, or in English, Holy toilet . It is a topographic point of 20 Eastern Orthodox monasteries and is good known for the fact that it is a self-governed cloistered state of matter of the sanctum mountain.The lone manner one can see the mountain is by boat. Merely males argon allowed to see and are required to hold a particular entryway license. If one wants to populate in the Garden of the Virgin he should be portion of the Eastern Orthodox Church and must be over 18 old ages old. However, there are non merely Christians that live on saddle sawbuck Athos. in that location are besides a figure of Albanians who besides work on the Holy mointain. there are guards that keep the order, constabulary and Coast Guard that besides observe the order on the mountain. There presence is really discreet.The 20 monasteries areMegistis La vras monasteryVatopediou monasteryIviron monastery built by GeorgiansHe layariou monastery SerbianDionysiou monasteryoutloumousiou monasteryPantokratoros monasteryXiropotamou monasteryZografou monastery BulgarianDochiariou monasteryKarakalou monasteryFilotheou monasterySimonos Petras monasteryAgiou Pavlou monasteryStavronikita monasteryXenophontos monasteryOsiou Grigoriou monasteryEsphigmenou monasteryAgiou Panteleimonos monastery RussianKonstamonitou monasteryHowever I am traveling to tattle about 5 of them. The scratch 1 is the monastery of Great Lavra.It is the first monastery built on Mount Athos. . It is fix by Athanasius in AD 963.Athanasius, began the building of the edifices in 963, harmonizing to the will of his friend and Byzantine Emperor Nikephoros II Phokas who funded the undertaking. Nikephoros had promised Athanasius that he would shortly became a monastic. However, he died before he could maintain his promise. The emperors gave the monastery umpteen lands of belongings including the island of perfection Eustratius and the Monastery of Saint Andreas in Thessaloniki.. In 1655, the Patriarch Dionysios III, who besides became a monastic, donated all his luck to Great Lavra..Treasures ready in Lavre MonasteryThe library of the monastery is located behind the chief church. It contains 2,116 Grecian manuscripts and 165 codices. Among them manuscripts of the New Testament leaf-book Coislinianus, Codex Athous Lavrensis, Uncial 049, Uncial 0167, and small letters 1073, 1505, 2524, 1519. This aggregation is one of the richest aggregations of Grecian manuscripts in the universe. close to of the close of import artifacts found in the vestry are a manuscript of a gospel singing with a aureate screen. This is a gift from Nikephoros II Phokas.Hilandar Monasteryis a Serbian Orthodox monastery on Mount Athos in Greece. It was founded in 1198 by the Serbian Saint Sava and his male parent, Grand Prince Stefan Nemanja. It is called The Serbian monaster y because its laminitiss are Serbs and first monastics were besides Serbes.. . Hilandar does non hold an archimandrite, but an under-abbot. The Mother of God through her Icon of Three Hands ( Trojerucica ) , is considered as the mother superior.Two mediaeval Bulgarian royal charters, the Virgino Charter and the Oryahov Charter, have been found in Hilandar s library. After the autumn of Serbia and Bulgaria under Ottoman regulation, the inflow of Serbian monastics decreased at the disbursal of Bulgarians. From the seventeenth to the nineteenth speed of light, Hilandar was preponderantly Bulgarian-populated in his history of 1745, the Russian pilgrim Vasily Barsky writes that the monastics of Hilandar were all Bulgarians. Ilarion Makariopolski, Sophronius of Vratsa and Matey Preobrazhenski have all lived at that place, and it was in this monastery that Saint Paisius of Hilendar began his radical Slavonic-Bulgarian history.TheSaint George the ZograforZograf Monasteryis a Bulgarian Or thodox monastery on Mount Athos ( the Holy Mountain ) in Greece. It was founded in the late 9th or early tenth century by three Bulgarians from Ohrid. It is be by Bulgarian Orthodox monastics.The monastery s name is derived from a 13th or 14th century icon of Saint George that is believed to hold non been painted by a human manus ( zograf ( os ) in Grecian agencies painter ( from zoe= life and grafos= Scribe ) and to possess wonder-working powers.The earliest written grounds of the monastery s macrocosm day of the months from 980. Since it was the lone Bulgarian Monastery on Mount Athos the Bulgarian swayers supported it. The Zograf Monastery has besides received land gifts by Byzantine ( the first giver being Leo VI the Wise ) , Serbian, and Rumanian swayers.The Zograf Monastery s library is of a major importance to the Bulgarian civilization. It preserves mediaeval manuscripts such as a fifteenth century transcript of the passional of Saint Naum of Ohrid, the 14th-centu ry passional of Saint Paraskevi, the original unsmooth transcript of Paisius of Hilendar s Istoriya Slavyanobolgarskaya and the History of Zograf. There can besides be found 388 manuscripts in Slavic and 126 In Greek.. Two mediaeval Bulgarian royal charters, the Zograf Charter and the Rila Charter, have been discovered in the monastery s library.Stavronika monastery is an Eastern Orthodox monastery at the cloistered province of Mount Athos in Greece, dedicated to Saint Nicholas.The monastery keeps a widely known fourteenth century icon of Saint Nicholas, known as Streidas because when it was by chance discovered at the bottomland of the sea, an oyster had stuck at the brow of St. Nicholas. Harmonizing to the myth, when the monastics of Stavronikita removed the oyster, the saint s brow bled.Stavronikita has a aggregation of many sanctums relics.. The monastery has a aggregation of 171 manuscripts, out of which 58 are written on parchment. Some of the manuscripts bear famed icono graphy and ornament.St. Panteleimon Monasteryis a Russian Orthodox monastery built on the south-west side of the peninsula of Mt. Athos in Greece. It is the largest of the 20 monasteries on the Holy mountain..The monastery was founded by several monastics from Kiev Rus in the eleventh century. That s why it is known as Rossikon , and traditionally it was inhabited by Kiev and subsequently by Russian Orthodox monastics. It was recognized as a separate monastery in 1169.The monastery prospered in the 16th and 17th centuries because it was extravagantly sponsored by the Tsars of Moscovy. It declined dramatically in the eighteenth century to the point that there were merely two Russian and two Bulgarian monastics left wing by 1730.The library contains 1,320 Grecian manuscripts and another 600 Slavonic 1s, every bit good as 25,000 printed books. In add-on, the library has a few priceless relics, such as the caput of Saint Panteleimon, one of the most popular saints in Russia.