Population Genetics Of Chickpea And Its Wild Progenitors C

Population genetics of chickpea and its wild progenitors C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum Susan Moenga Introduction Chickpea, Cicer arietinum, is the second most widely grown legume in the world, cultivated on ~11.5 million ha mostly in India and Ethiopia (FAOSTAT, 2013). Genetic and molecular evidence have demonstrated that C. reticulatum is the progenitor of the cultivated pulse, with Nguyen et al., (2004) and Sethy et al., (2006) both supporting C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum (both restricted to Southeastern Turkey) to be the primary and secondary gene pools for the cultivated species respectively. However, apart from the estimated domestication time of 5,700 BP, very little else is known of the genetic diversity of these species as well as the genetic impact of the domestication process. Such information would lay ground for further research into these species, allowing for genome wide association mapping into locally adaptive traits in wild species that could be of agronomic importance. Hypotheses and research questions Cultivated chickpea will have lower levels of nucleotide diversity relative to its wild progenitors. Such a reduction is attributed to a ‘domestication bottleneck’, where only a small subset of individuals with desirable traits is chosen for cultivation. Additionally, there will be reduction in diversity attributed to selective breeding that has over time targeted anthropocentric traits succeeding domestication, that will be visible in select

Essay Focus Groups - 877 Words

Focus Groups nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Focus groups are a qualitative form of marketing research that can help a marketer assess consumer needs and feelings in a way that simple questionnaires can not. In a focus group, you bring together a small group to discuss issues and concerns about the features of a product. Participants are usually paid a fee for their time. A marketer can gain valuable information such as gaining a customer’s attitudes and determining advertising persuasiveness. The group is typically run by a moderator who maintains the groups focus. Some recent topics of interest regarding this subject are focus groups for advertising, Online focus groups, and political focus groups.†¦show more content†¦With a mouse, participants move a tab on a sliding scale to rate a commercial from one to 10. Commercials are streamed via Microsoft Corp.s Windows Media Player software.† (AdAge.com, Riedman) While a normal focus group usually can poll a few participants at a grea t cost to the marketer, â€Å"DiscoverWhy, on the other hand, can poll 1,000 or more people through the Internet and reach them when its convenient for them.† (AdAge.com, Riedman) Lycos found the results very useful, and threw more weight to the commercials that fared well, while scrapping or reducing the use of less favorable commercials. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The Internet group AdCritic.com claims that online focus groups are far superior to traditional groups. â€Å"Respondants are more honest in their responses since there is no one looking over their shoulder, no one who is over-bearing in the group to lead or overpower their opinions, and no one watching from behind a 2-way mirror.† (AdCritic.com) The site offers Internet users digital versions of commercials seen on TV, and asks users to rate the commercials in return. They offer marketers the chance to research the effectiveness of their ads in an inexpensive and effective format. AdCritic.com has been one of the most popular sites on the Internet, partially to do with the enormous popularity of advertisements run by Budweiser, among others, and an overwhelming response fromShow MoreRelatedFocus Group1931 Words   |  8 Pages1 INTRODUCTION Focus group is a qualitative technique used mostly in marketing research and also other areas of research. This technique is used to collect primary data. This document consists of information about focus group. The main objective of this assignment was to investigate how focus groups techniques are used to collect primary data about the phenomenon at hand in the real world. The research method used was Google scholar for academic journals. The campus library database was alsoRead MoreFocus Group2748 Words   |  11 PagesFocus Groups An overview Submitted to: Prof. Schaff By: Muhammad F Balouch Id # 617531 University of Bridgeport Executive SummaryÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..3 Introduction Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…...4 History of Focus GroupÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….5 Rational and Uses of Focus GroupÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…5 Conducting a Focus Group StudyÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..7 Running a Focus GroupÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…..8 Analysis and Writing UpÂ…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â…Â….Â…Â…8 Read MoreThe And Focus Group Moderator Essay1495 Words   |  6 Pages(1) How would you describe Jemma’s approach to questioning? Jemma, the researcher and focus group moderator, has structured the discussion in the following way: to start with, Jemma provides a frame of reference for the focus group referring to the aim of her research, and summarizes the pre-formulated research questions that serve as openings to obtain such feedback (Nel, Romm, Tlale, 2015). Focus groups are seen as providing a unique data source, and tend to emphasise their value in exploringRead MoreFocus Group Design1640 Words   |  7 Pages Running head: CONDUCTING A FOCUS GROUP Conducting a Focus Group of XXX Educational Program Graduates By Outstanding DHA Student Medical University of South Carolina PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to describe the planning and design of a focus group for recent graduates of the XXX Program at YYY State University in Northridge (UN). The mission of the XXX program is to produce graduates that can functionRead MoreFocus Group Essay2300 Words   |  10 PagesProfessor Wohn IS 375-001 Designing the User Experience 12 November 2014 ASSIGNMENT #3 FOCUS GROUP Transcription: For the transcription, I went with the INTERMEDIATE OPTION where I only recorded the important sections. There were a few moments during the study where the conversation got a little off topic. Those parts are not included in the transcription below. Also, the conversation was very informal, so I did my best to make everyones words sound more proper without changing the meaningRead MoreIntroducing Focus Groups3772 Words   |  16 PagesQualitative Research: Introducing focus groups Jenny Kitzinger, research fellowa + Author Affiliations aGlasgow University Media Group, Department of Sociology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8LF This paper introduces focus group methodology, gives advice on group composition, running the groups, and analysing the results. Focus groups have advantages for researchers in the field of health and medicine: they do not discriminate against people who cannot read or write and they can encourageRead MoreA Research On Focus Groups And Surveys1672 Words   |  7 PagesFocus groups and surveys are particularly useful in gathering information on how a vast group of people feel about a particular service or product. â€Å"The method is particularly useful for exploring people s knowledge and experiences and can be used to examine not only what people think but how they think and why they think that way† (Kitzinger, 1995, pp. 299). Along with giving insight into those feelings, this method can help to improve the design or implementation of how that product or serviceRead MoreThe Use and Importance of a Focus Group530 Words   |  2 PagesA focus group instrument is used when it is well suited to the subject matter in question by listening to the opinions of others in a small and safe group setting before they form thoughts and opinions. An A typical focus group is between 6-12 homogeneous people who share similar characteristics or common interests. Focus groups generally reveal what each person within the group truly feels on the subject which provides credibility to the study. The facilitator is key to promoting an acceptingRead MoreOnline and Traditional Focus Groups2015 Words   |  9 PagesMarketing research. Online and traditional focus groups. Focus groups are a method of group interviewing in which the interaction between the moderator and the group, as well as the interaction between group members, serves to elicit information and insights in response to carefully designed questions. The dynamic nature of the questions asked by the moderator and the group process, produces a level of insight that is rarely derived from unidirectional information collection devises suchRead MoreThe Importance Of Conducting Focus Groups On Students1809 Words   |  8 Pageswas also easier to recruit participants to take part in groups because the participants knew each other prior to the focus group, this is known as a natural group (Bryman, 2012). Kitzinger demonstrated that there are benefits of conducting focus groups with participants who already know each other. For example, the discussion may be seen to be more honest in a natural group (Kitzinger, 1994). Therefore it is likely that these natural groups produced more honest and op en discussions as the participants

Isolation And Loneliness in A Rose for Emily by William...

Isolation And Loneliness in A Rose for Emily by William Faulkner In many works of literature, some characters isolate themselves from society due to certain events that happen in their life that make them isolate themselves. Isolation from the society can cause loneliness in ones life. In â€Å"A Rose For Emily†, William Faulkner suggests that isolation from society can cause people to do unspeakable acts because they are lonely. The main character, Emily Grierson lives her life under her father. Her father thinks that no man is good enough for his daughter. Therefore, he pushes anyone who comes near his daughter. After living like this for so many years, Emily is left with nothing after her father†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A neighbor saw the Negro man admit him at the kitchen door at dusk one evening. And that was the last we saw of Homer Barron. And of Miss Emily for some time † (419). Emily does not want to be left alone so she kills Homer and leaves him in her house. This way she still has Homer by her side. The difference is that he is dead and she is alive. His dead body remains in her house for a while but no one knows of his disappearance. After Miss Emily kills Homer a smell develops in the area around her house. Crazy as it is, she lives through the smell. It does not bother her but it bothers her neighbors. â€Å"Then we noticed that in the second pillow was the indentation of a head. One of us lifted something from it, and leaning forward, that faint and invisible dust dry and acrid in the nostrils, we saw a long strand of iron-gray hair† (421). After Emily’s death, there is a discovery of Homer’s dead body laying in the bed upstairs. It appears that Emily still lays in bed next to his rotting body after she kills him with poison. Apparently, the smell that was bothering the neighbors years before is from Homer’s rotting body. Here we can see that insanity took over her. She did not want to be left alone with nothing so the only way to get out of the loneliness is by killing her one love. The thought of marriage enters Emily’s mindShow MoreRelatedCharacter Analysis Of Susan Glaspell s Trifles 1714 Words   |  7 PagesThesis and Outline Paper And Analytical Paper Darlene Shields Professor: Amber Forcey Engl 202 May 10, 2016 Thesis and Outline Paper 2 In both A Rose for Emily written by William Faulkner and Trifles written by Susan Glaspell loneliness, poverty and isolation consume the lives of the characters. Susan Glaspell’s play â€Å"Trifles† written in 1916. In this play the author’s talks of her preoccupation with culture- bound notions of gender and sex roles. Glaspell says women are consideredRead MoreAnalysis of William Faulkners A Rose for Emily Essay1187 Words   |  5 PagesAnalysis of William Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner uses symbolism, imagery, simile and tone. Faulkner uses these elements to lead his characters to an epiphany of letting go of out-dated traditions and customs. The resistance to change and loneliness are prominent themes within â€Å"A Rose for Emily†. Faulkner uses â€Å"A Rose for Emily† to caution his readers that things are not always what they appear to be. The tone of â€Å"A Rose for Miss Emily† couldRead MoreSymbolism In Rose For Emily892 Words   |  4 Pages Desperation for love from extreme isolation results in destructive actions and extreme situations. William Faulkner achieved to describe that in the story â€Å"Rose for Emily† through the main character, Miss Emily Grierson who suffered from necrophilia. This story is enriched with full of symbolism, along with a deep-rooted issues and messages. Symbolism helps to gives readers to think about text and hidden themes that go along with the symbols. This gives reading a more rich and vivid experience.Read MoreIsolation: Short Story and Mrs. Mallard Essay1195 Words   |  5 PagesIsolation and loneliness In the following short stories Eveline written by James Joyce, The Story of An Hour written by Kate Chopin, and A Rose For Emily written by William Faulkner we find that isolation is a popular theme throughout the stories. There are several factors in each one of the stories that makes us feel the isolation that each one of the women in the stated stories felt. Weather it is Eveline feeling stuck at home due to a request for her to tend to her family and resume the placeRead MoreTheme Of Insanity In Gothic Literature813 Words   |  4 Pages Insanity Gothic literature can be composed of several themes depending on the purpose the writers intend to convey. William Faulkner, Edgar Allen Poe, and Richard Matheson are virtuosos within the realm of gothic literature. They have perfected the ability to blend fiction and horror through the use of certain gothic elements. Through their many works, such as â€Å"A Rose for Emily,† â€Å"Prey,† and â€Å"The Black Cat,† the authors implement numerous themes regarding violence and entrapment- existing in bothRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner890 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Prolonged loneliness can transform the brain in a way that makes those who suffer it less able to relate to others† (The Daily Mail) Although change is sometimes viewed as scary, it should not be ignored. If a person is unable to adapt to change, they will further isolate themselves from society. William Faulkner, author of A Rose For Emily, captures with great detail, the effects o f isolation. A Rose For Emily centers around the death of Emily Grierson, a â€Å"fallen idol† in the town. All of the townspeopleRead MoreAnalysis Of A Rose For Emily Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesBeing An Outcast: Emily As Manifesting Thematic Alienation in Faulkner’s â€Å"A Rose for Emily† I. Introduction Being taught in high schools and universities all across the nation, William Faulkner’s short story â€Å"A Rose for Emily† has achieved a great deal of both academic and mainstream respect in the United States. In being arguably one of Faulkner’s strongest stories, and since Faulkner himself has assumed the position of being one of the great masters of American fiction, â€Å"A Rose† is undoubtedlyRead MoreTradition and change are two opposing ideas that have fought each other for thousands of years.700 Words   |  3 Pagesimprove society. In â€Å"A Rose for Emily†, William Faulkner writes about a woman who clings to her past in fear of the future. Faulkner uses setting, character, point of view, structure, and symbolism to expose examples of human nature, which teach us important lessons about life. William Faulkner takes us to his fictional town of Jefferson, Mississippi at the turn of the 20th century, a time when the ways of society were changing dramatically. His fictional character, Miss Emily, is a prime example ofRead MoreWilliam Faulkner s A Rose For Emily854 Words   |  4 Pages Literary Response to â€Å"A Rose for Emily† â€Å"A Rose for Emily† by William Faulkner was published in 1930. This short story is set in an old southern town. I believe that this and several other combinations of events are what made the main character Miss Emily go insane. Miss Emily was a old school southern woman trapped in a modernizing society. She tried desperately to try and keep to her old ways, but the changes were inevitable. This made me feel like something was going to go wrong very early inRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner883 Words   |  4 PagesIn the timeless classic, â€Å"A rose for Emily† by William Faulkner we are introduced to Emily Grierson, a matured sheltered southern woman; born to a proud, aristocratic family presumably during the American Civil War. Through out the short story William Faulkner uses many literary devices such as symbolism, metaphors and allegory to play with â€Å"time† and how time reflects upon his main character Emily Grierson. Emily being one w ho denies the ability to see time for what it is linear and unchangeable

Applied Business Research

Questions: The following are the research objectives of the study: 1. To evaluate the existing strengths and weaknesses of Wild bean caf in the context of the food and beverage industry of New Zealand. 2. To examine the motivational level of the employees of Wild bean caf and its impact on the businesses. 3. To identify the zone on strategy clock in which the wild bean cafe lies. Answers: Wild bean caf is one of the brand of BP and being a leading brand the caf serves the coffee which is 100 % sustainable. It has an outlet on every BP petrol station and it serves 1200 service stations in UK. Wild bean caf is not an independently owned coffee house and is a franchise of BP and it provides a variety of foods ranging from coffee to sandwiches, burgers and snacks. Good quality of foods are available at reasonable price and provide great value of meal deal throughout the day (https://N.p., 2016. Web. 3 June 2016). After conducting a research on the wild bean caf, it has been posed with several questions: Wild bean not being an independently owned coffee house is exposed to several risks. The good coffee house is not which serves only good food, but the location, service and the products make it a good coffee house. The outlet of caf is located only in the petrol stations and this could limit the growth of the caf. So the independency of the caf is a question which could limits its growth. Since the Wild bean caf is not an independently owned firm, so the rights and decision taking authority rests with BP, so this could pose a threat to the growth and prosperity of caf ( Brooks et al., 2014). The offer made by wild bean caf is in association with BP and it could be withdrawn at any time without prior notification. This would leave the customer dissatisfied and there is also possibility of losing customer who has been attracted by this particular offer. Another research question came up with the wild bean caf is its location and the area if its presence. Since the caf has its outlet only in the BP petrol stations , that is its outlet is confined only to the petrol stations of BP. This would also limit the growth of Wild ban caf. The research has been conducted and a qualitative analysis of several factors which affects the caf performance has been done. Interviews and focus grouped discussion has been done in the informal environment (Goodrich, 2015) . The questions have been asked such as frequency of going to the caf, person visited the wild bean caf, reason of liking the caf, any other services which should be availed. To increase the satisfaction, willingness to spend more if extra service is provided, whether they want the outlet to be opened in some other areas , people who think that the current outlets is too far from their comfort. After conducting such grouped discussions, it was concluded that the two questions needs focus. Research Objectives The following are the research objectives of the study To evaluate the existing strengths and weaknesses of Wild bean caf in the context of the food and beverage industry of New Zealand To examine the motivational level of the employees of Wild bean caf and its impact on the businesses To identify the zone on strategy clock in which the wild bean cafe lies The above three research objectives have been chosen in order to assist the researcher to meet the research goals and objectives. In addition, to these objectives it helps to know about the potential of this cafe and its operating performance in the gas stations of BP. For, the evaluation of the first objective, the researcher will have to conduct an in-depth internal analysis. Since, it will help the researcher to identify the prime strength and weaknesses of Wild bean caf. For the evaluation of second objective, the researcher will have to assess the motivational level of the employees. In this study, the researcher will utilize Herzberg two-factor theory, as it will provide the caf an indication the kind of strategy the caf has to implement in order to motivate all the employees to give their best at the workplace. The Wild bean caf will utilize Hertzberg theory because it will allow the researcher to evaluate all the factors related to the motivational level of the employees. Furthermore, as Hertzberg divided the motivational factors of the employees in two different segments, it will help Wild bean caf to cover all the factors related to the motivational level of the employees. For the evaluation of the third objective, the researcher will focus on the third strategy clock of Wild bean caf. Figure 1: Strategy clock (Source: Goodrich 2015) Research Issues The below mentioned are the relevant research issues Time constraints - Limitation of time is one of the primary research issues. Gathering enough data within a fixed time was not possible. This shall hamper the research process in a considerable manner Limited resources - A restricted budget has an adverse influence on the research study. Thus, adequate resources were not offered for the purpose of the research study. Threat from competitors - The presence of substitute brands can pose a significant threat to the business sustainability of Wild Bean Cafe. Inflation - The rise in the prices of goods would have a negative impact on the annual sales revenue of Wild Bean Cafe. Thus, curtailing the prices of products sold to consumers remains a pertinent issue for the brand. Reference: Brooks, G., Heffner, A. and Henderson, D., 2014. competitive knowledge from social media for a small start-up business.The Review of Business Information Systems (Online),18(1), p.23. Goodrich, R., 2015. examples, templates definition.Business news daily.